Retraction & Correction Policy
The scholarly record should remain accurate while preserving a transparent history of publication changes.
Status: Initial publication draft
Corrections
A correction may be issued when an error affects the accuracy or clarity of a published record but does not invalidate the paper as a whole. The publisher should describe the correction and link it to the original article.
Retractions
A retraction may be considered when reliable evidence indicates that published findings are sufficiently unreliable or publication was affected by a serious integrity problem. The retraction notice should identify the affected publication and explain the reason in a factual manner.
Expression of concern
When a credible issue is under investigation but available evidence is not yet sufficient for a final editorial action, the publisher may publish an expression of concern or equivalent notice where appropriate.
Persistent record
The publisher should retain the bibliographic record and clearly connect subsequent notices to the affected paper. The goal is to prevent readers from relying on an unqualified version of a materially affected publication.